New Study:
Nutrition among users of weight loss drugs

Two blue insulin pens and a white measuring tape with black numbers and markings laid out on a white surface.

As glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) become increasingly popular for obesity treatment, understanding how they influence dietary habits is crucial. A recent secondary analysis by of a cross-sectional study by Johnson et al. sheds light on the diet quality and nutrient timing among individuals using GLP-1RA medications. The study analysed three-day food records from 69 adults using GLP-1RAs, applying the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) to assess diet quality.

Study findings

The results were sobering: the average HEI score was 54 out of 100—below the national average and well short of optimal dietary standards. While added sugar intake met recommended limits, most other components, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, seafood and plant proteins, dairy, and fatty acids, fell significantly short.

Interestingly, the timing of nutrient intake revealed a skewed pattern. Dinner accounted for the highest calorie consumption (649 kcal) and 40% of total daily protein intake. This uneven distribution is concerning, as research suggests that evenly spaced protein intake supports better muscle synthesis and weight management. Breakfast, in contrast, saw only 19% of daily protein intake, highlighting a missed opportunity for metabolic support early in the day.

The study also found that GLP-1RA users consumed more saturated fat and sodium than recommended, while their intake of refined grains and added sugars was lower than the national average. These findings suggest that while some positive shifts in food choices are occurring, overall diet quality remains suboptimal.

Learning points

So, what does this mean for healthcare providers and patients? Nutritional guidance for GLP-1RA users should emphasise increasing intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins—especially seafood and plant-based sources. Protein should be evenly distributed across meals, ideally aiming for 30g per meal to preserve lean mass. Reducing saturated fat and sodium, while boosting fibre and unsaturated fats, can also help mitigate common side effects like gastrointestinal discomfort.

In summary, GLP-1RA medications offer powerful tools for weight reduction, but they must be paired with strategic dietary interventions to maximise health outcomes. This study provides a valuable foundation for future research and clinical guidance, highlighting the need for personalised nutrition strategies that align with the unique needs of GLP-1RA users.

 

References
Johnson BVB, Milstead M, Green L, Kreider R, Jones R. Diet quality and nutrient distribution while using glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonist: A secondary cross-sectional analysis. Obesity Pillars. 2025;16:100195. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100195